Although boars, sows, piglets, finishing pigs and other types of pigs have different physiological conditions, different feeding purposes, and different feeding and management measures, they must have (1) history and distribution of Artemisia__selengensis, also known as Artemisia__selengensis. Artemisia halodendron, Artemisia ordosica, Artemisia halodendron, etc., is a perennial, perennial herb that is native to Asia. The northeast, north, and south-central parts of China are wild in wastelands, barren slope areas, and continents. As early as the Ming Dynasty, Jinling people in the early spring and before and after Ching Ming Festival each year, Zhu Yuanzhang enjoyed the use of wild herbs such as Artemisia halodendron as a tribute. Artemisia is a wild herb and is cultivated as an annual vegetable. The planting area of ​​Baguazhou Town, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province is 20,000 mu. It is rich in winter and spring each year, and the annual output reaches 20 million kilograms. It is sold to more than 20 provinces and cities across the country, and the sales volume is nearly 10 million kilograms. It is deeply loved by consumers. .
(2) Biological characteristics Artemisia sphaerocephala is well-developed in its root system, and its fibrous roots are born on underground stems. The underground stems are white and tender and juicy when fresh. They are both reproductive organs and nutrient storage organs. Into the soil depth 15-25cm, length up to 30-40cm, crude 0.6-1.0cm, internode length 1-2cm, there are latent buds on the section, can stalk on the ground, upright, 1-1.5 meters tall, stem diameter 1 -2 cm. Edible green stems, light green or purplish, 25-30 cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm thick, green leaves. Leaves pinnately deeply lobed, leaves 10 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, and coarsely blunt serrated edges. The leaves are green and hairless. The leaves have short, dense hairs and are pink. At the beginning of the autumn, the top and leafhoppers are spawned with heads, erect or pendulous, shortly stalked, mostly densely narrow subgamemese, with slat-like leaves, club-like, 2.5-3.0 mm long, 2.0-2.0- 2.5 mm, total calyx about 4 layers, outer layer ovate, yellow-brown, short cotton wool, wide inner membrane margin. The flower is yellow, the inner layer is bisexual, and the outer layer is female. Each inflorescence can bear about one achene and the achene is small. Fruit black, hairless, easy to fall off after aging. Artemisia is a cool, humid climate with good moisture, fertilizer, heat, and irritability. It does not tolerate drought. The early spring temperatures rose to about 5°C, and the lateral buds (latent buds) on the underground stems began to germinate. The daily average temperature increased rapidly at 12-18°C, and the stems were easily lignified when the average daily temperature was above 20°C. Wild Artemisia ordosica in the open areas of Nanjing usually germinates in mid-and late-February in spring, and vegetative growth accelerates in the middle and early April. It is the peak period for the listing of Artemisia selengensis in open field. If protected cultivation is adopted, the listing period can be advanced to mid-December of the previous year. Artemisia sphaerocephala is suitable for a wide temperature range and is suitable for sunny growing environments, but it is easy to age the tender stems under strong light. The soil is not strict, but fertile, loose, well-drained loam is appropriate. As long as the temperature is appropriate, it can grow for an annual period without a significant period of dormancy.
(3) Nutrition and use Artemisia halodendron is served with fresh stalks. It is fragrant, delicious, crisp, refreshing and nutritious. Each 100g tender stem contains 3.6g protein, ash 1.5g, calcium 730mg, 10.2mg, iron 2.9mg, carotene 1.4mg, vitamin C49mg, aspartic acid 20.4mg, glutamic acid 34.3mg, lysine 0.97 mg. And it is rich in trace elements and acidic detergent fibers. As early as in the Ming dynasty, Artemisia seleng and bamboo shoots were mixed with meat, and they were the most delicious. Bi Ruyu needles and tenderness did not need chewing. Nanjing people have always loved wild food. Artemisia can be cold or fried. The Artemisia sphaerocephala root is cool, sweet, leafy and flat, suppresses anger, and can cure diseases such as stomach weakness, edema, and puffer fish poisoning as well as prevention of bud diseases, laryngeal diseases and constipation. Rhizomes contain a high amount of starch, which can provide heat energy for the body, but also can be used as a structural component of nerve structure, components and enzymes and hormones. At the same time, it can also play a role in protecting the mind and acting as liver depot to detoxify. Artemisia selengensis is highly resistant to stress and has few pests and diseases. Therefore, it is a pollution-free green food. It is one of the major wild vegetable varieties supplied by the Nanjing Winter and Spring Market and is well received by consumers.
(4) Variety and characteristics
a. By leaf type: Artemisia. Also known as Artemisia lanceolata, it has three-leafed leaves, tender stems greenish blue, thick aromatic scent, coarse and tender, more resistant to cold, disease resistance, early germination, and high yield. Crushed wormwood. Also known as Artemisia velutipes, it has five-leafed leaves, light green stems, strong aromas, slightly poor cold resistance, good quality, and general yield.
b. According to the color of the stem: Artemisia selengensis. Tender green blue. White Artemisia. The stem is light green.
(5) Cultivation Techniques
A. Cultivation techniques of Artemisia selengensis in winter and spring
a. Planting methods Seed propagation: In the middle and middle months of March, seeds of Artemisia selengensis are mixed with 3-4 times of dry fine soil and sowed directly. Sowing and seeding can be used. The drilling distance is about 30 centimeters. After sowing, the soil is covered and watered. Generally, the seedlings can emerge in late March. After emergence and time, seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings are transplanted and planted.
Asexual reproduction:
1 ramets planted. In the middle and early May, the Artemisia ordosica plants were dug up in the field plots, and the top shoots were cut off. On the well-established loquat surface, 1-2 plants per row were planted at a spacing of 4540 cm and planted. Permeate and live trees for 5-7 days.
2 stem bar layer propagation. Every year, from July to August, the semi-woody stems are cut down and the top shoots are cut off. On the entire surface of the pods, the stalks are cut 5 to 7 centimeters apart by 35-40 centimeters. Cross in the ditch, connect the head and tail, then cover the soil, pouring enough water, often keep the soil moist, promote rooting and germination.
3 Cut propagation. In late June to August each year, cut and grow the robust Artemisia stem stalks, cut off the top shoots, cut the stems into small pieces of 20 centimeters in length. In 4-5 small segments, 1/3 of the ground is exposed, and water is poured firmly. After 10 days, the roots can germinate.
4 Reproduction of underground stems. All seasons can be carried out. After the underground stems are dug out, remove the old stems and old roots and cut them into small sections. Each section has 2-3 sections. Open a shallow groove every 10 cm on the well-built bowl surface. Place each small section of root tube flatly in the groove. Thin soil, pouring enough water.
b. Field management site preparation fertilization. It is appropriate to choose sandy loam soil with non-composite crops, good irrigation conditions and fertile soil. Before planting, plowing and thawing (freezing) shall be carried out. In combination with sufficient base fertilizer, per acre shall be used to rot 3000-4000 kg of persimmon or beef, or about 150 kg of cooked cake fertilizer. The soil preparation shall be used for hoeing, and the width shall be 1.5-2 m. During the growth period, a dressing is conducted from September to October, and 10 kg of urea per mu is used to apply and combine watering to promote the vegetative growth of Artemisia and prevent premature aging.
Clear weeds. The underground stems of Artemisia selengensis are mainly distributed in 5-10 cm soil layers. After planting live trees, weeds should be removed timely to promote good root development and accumulate more nutrients.
Watering. Artemisia sphaerocephala is very moisture-resistant, not tolerant to drought, often watering in hot and dry seasons, keeping the field moist and promoting growth.
Pest control. Occurrence of pests and diseases occurs during the growth of Artemisia halodendron. The major pests include locusts, galls, corn borers, cotton bollworms, moths, and Artemisia ordosaurus. Pesticides such as cyproterol, chlorprofen, and chrysanthemum can be used to carry out high- and low-residue pesticides. Prevention.
c. After the greenhouse covered with Artemisia halodendron was severely frosted, the stems of Artemisia halodendron should be chopped off to remove the dry leaves and weeds from the field, and loose soil, and 10 kg of urea or 80 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. Pouring water, 5-7 days after the shed cover film. Normally, it is carried out on the next -12th November. At the same time, it is directly covered with a mulch film on the plants, and the sheds are tightly compacted. If soil moisture is too large, mulching can be delayed. At noon on sunny days, ventilation at the lee place is required to reduce the air humidity in the shed. Artemisia arbor cover technology has been rapidly promoted since its development in 1994, and a number of typical emerged. In Qixia District, outside the Shahe Team of Shahe 4th Team Luolailin, 1.8 acres of Artemisia sphaerocephala, with a total output value of 19,800 yuan and an average output value of 11,000 yuan per mu; Waisha Village, a shed in Yuzhen, covers 2.11 mu of Artemisia sphaerocephala with a total output value of 24,000 yuan; The village 9 team planted greenhouses covered 80 acres of Artemisia halodendron, planting 1.7 acres per household, with an income of about 6,000 yuan per mu. The total revenue of the whole team reached more than 500,000 yuan, and the per capita net income was 2,480 yuan. The first quarter of greenhouse covered Artemisia ordosica so that the whole team reached a well-to-do level. Level. At present, the development of wild vegetables has become the main way for farmers in the whole town of Baguazhou to get rid of poverty and make a good living.
d. Harvested Artemisia ordosica has open fields or facilities for cultivation. Facilities can be cultivated in different ways, covered in batches and in batches, and can be brought up in the morning to be listed and distributed in a balanced manner. Greenhouses cover cultivated Artemisia halodendron, generally covered 40-45 days after plant height 20-25 cm. The cultivation of Artemisia selengensis on the open soil germinates spontaneously with the change of the natural temperature. When the average temperature is 12-18°C, the tender stem grows rapidly. On the middle and early April, it is the listed peak of Artemisia selengensis. During harvesting, the knife is cut with a knife at the base of the Artemisia oleracea. Except for a few leaves on the stem, the rest of the leaves are wiped off. The bundle is placed in a cool place and covered with a damp cloth for 8-10 hours. Simple softening, that is, can be listed. The greenhouse covers Artemisia selengensis. After the first crop is harvested, the weeds and the fallen leaves should be removed immediately, and the fertilized water should be chased. The application of 5-10 kilograms of urea per acre should be followed. In this way, 45-50 days later, the second crop will be harvested. Generally greenhouse Artemisia halodendron can be harvested in winter and spring 2-3 茬, mu yield 800-1000 kg.
B. Cultivation Techniques of Vole and Autumn Artemisia selengensis
a. Variety. Green leaves of Artemisia were used.
b. Soil fertigation. Decomposing organic fertilizer is the main, 4000-5000 kilograms per mu, or use 25% compound fertilizer + 40 kg of urea as base fertilizer, deep plowing 2-3 times, so that the fertilizer and soil are evenly filled, and then make a width of 1-1.2 m, ditch 20 cm deep.
c. Planting. The optimum period for the planting of Artemisia halodendron and Artemisia halodendron was from July to August. The plants on the replanted plots were chopped down, and the top part and the lignified part of the base were cut off. The selected section was cut into small pieces of 20 cm in length and the stem was cut. The rods were soaked in a 1% solution of the insecticide for 10-20 minutes to prevent damage to the borers. Then remove and lay 3530 cm by row spacing. 4-5 roots per hole are planted on a well-built rake surface, 1/3 of the ground is exposed, watering is applied, the shade net is covered, the soil is kept moist, and the roots germinate after 10 days. .
d. Field management. After living, we must remove field weeds in a timely manner and combine top dressing with diluted manure water for 1,000 kg per mu. The scaffolding is 0.8-1m high and covers the sunshade net. The net is tightly fastened around the net. It is windproof and covers the net. The main sunny days are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., sooner or later, the nets are removed and the management after the cover net is strengthened.
e. About 30 days after harvesting Artemisia selengensis, the lateral shoots of the shoots grow 15-20 cm, and the shoots can be cut. The shoots that are cut need to be soaked for 2 days, and the leaves on the shoots can be wiped off to be listed. When harvesting, cut large and small, harvest in batches. Apply fertilizer once every 1-2 times, pour water once to keep the surface moist and promote growth.
(2) Biological characteristics Artemisia sphaerocephala is well-developed in its root system, and its fibrous roots are born on underground stems. The underground stems are white and tender and juicy when fresh. They are both reproductive organs and nutrient storage organs. Into the soil depth 15-25cm, length up to 30-40cm, crude 0.6-1.0cm, internode length 1-2cm, there are latent buds on the section, can stalk on the ground, upright, 1-1.5 meters tall, stem diameter 1 -2 cm. Edible green stems, light green or purplish, 25-30 cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm thick, green leaves. Leaves pinnately deeply lobed, leaves 10 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, and coarsely blunt serrated edges. The leaves are green and hairless. The leaves have short, dense hairs and are pink. At the beginning of the autumn, the top and leafhoppers are spawned with heads, erect or pendulous, shortly stalked, mostly densely narrow subgamemese, with slat-like leaves, club-like, 2.5-3.0 mm long, 2.0-2.0- 2.5 mm, total calyx about 4 layers, outer layer ovate, yellow-brown, short cotton wool, wide inner membrane margin. The flower is yellow, the inner layer is bisexual, and the outer layer is female. Each inflorescence can bear about one achene and the achene is small. Fruit black, hairless, easy to fall off after aging. Artemisia is a cool, humid climate with good moisture, fertilizer, heat, and irritability. It does not tolerate drought. The early spring temperatures rose to about 5°C, and the lateral buds (latent buds) on the underground stems began to germinate. The daily average temperature increased rapidly at 12-18°C, and the stems were easily lignified when the average daily temperature was above 20°C. Wild Artemisia ordosica in the open areas of Nanjing usually germinates in mid-and late-February in spring, and vegetative growth accelerates in the middle and early April. It is the peak period for the listing of Artemisia selengensis in open field. If protected cultivation is adopted, the listing period can be advanced to mid-December of the previous year. Artemisia sphaerocephala is suitable for a wide temperature range and is suitable for sunny growing environments, but it is easy to age the tender stems under strong light. The soil is not strict, but fertile, loose, well-drained loam is appropriate. As long as the temperature is appropriate, it can grow for an annual period without a significant period of dormancy.
(3) Nutrition and use Artemisia halodendron is served with fresh stalks. It is fragrant, delicious, crisp, refreshing and nutritious. Each 100g tender stem contains 3.6g protein, ash 1.5g, calcium 730mg, 10.2mg, iron 2.9mg, carotene 1.4mg, vitamin C49mg, aspartic acid 20.4mg, glutamic acid 34.3mg, lysine 0.97 mg. And it is rich in trace elements and acidic detergent fibers. As early as in the Ming dynasty, Artemisia seleng and bamboo shoots were mixed with meat, and they were the most delicious. Bi Ruyu needles and tenderness did not need chewing. Nanjing people have always loved wild food. Artemisia can be cold or fried. The Artemisia sphaerocephala root is cool, sweet, leafy and flat, suppresses anger, and can cure diseases such as stomach weakness, edema, and puffer fish poisoning as well as prevention of bud diseases, laryngeal diseases and constipation. Rhizomes contain a high amount of starch, which can provide heat energy for the body, but also can be used as a structural component of nerve structure, components and enzymes and hormones. At the same time, it can also play a role in protecting the mind and acting as liver depot to detoxify. Artemisia selengensis is highly resistant to stress and has few pests and diseases. Therefore, it is a pollution-free green food. It is one of the major wild vegetable varieties supplied by the Nanjing Winter and Spring Market and is well received by consumers.
(4) Variety and characteristics
a. By leaf type: Artemisia. Also known as Artemisia lanceolata, it has three-leafed leaves, tender stems greenish blue, thick aromatic scent, coarse and tender, more resistant to cold, disease resistance, early germination, and high yield. Crushed wormwood. Also known as Artemisia velutipes, it has five-leafed leaves, light green stems, strong aromas, slightly poor cold resistance, good quality, and general yield.
b. According to the color of the stem: Artemisia selengensis. Tender green blue. White Artemisia. The stem is light green.
(5) Cultivation Techniques
A. Cultivation techniques of Artemisia selengensis in winter and spring
a. Planting methods Seed propagation: In the middle and middle months of March, seeds of Artemisia selengensis are mixed with 3-4 times of dry fine soil and sowed directly. Sowing and seeding can be used. The drilling distance is about 30 centimeters. After sowing, the soil is covered and watered. Generally, the seedlings can emerge in late March. After emergence and time, seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings are transplanted and planted.
Asexual reproduction:
1 ramets planted. In the middle and early May, the Artemisia ordosica plants were dug up in the field plots, and the top shoots were cut off. On the well-established loquat surface, 1-2 plants per row were planted at a spacing of 4540 cm and planted. Permeate and live trees for 5-7 days.
2 stem bar layer propagation. Every year, from July to August, the semi-woody stems are cut down and the top shoots are cut off. On the entire surface of the pods, the stalks are cut 5 to 7 centimeters apart by 35-40 centimeters. Cross in the ditch, connect the head and tail, then cover the soil, pouring enough water, often keep the soil moist, promote rooting and germination.
3 Cut propagation. In late June to August each year, cut and grow the robust Artemisia stem stalks, cut off the top shoots, cut the stems into small pieces of 20 centimeters in length. In 4-5 small segments, 1/3 of the ground is exposed, and water is poured firmly. After 10 days, the roots can germinate.
4 Reproduction of underground stems. All seasons can be carried out. After the underground stems are dug out, remove the old stems and old roots and cut them into small sections. Each section has 2-3 sections. Open a shallow groove every 10 cm on the well-built bowl surface. Place each small section of root tube flatly in the groove. Thin soil, pouring enough water.
b. Field management site preparation fertilization. It is appropriate to choose sandy loam soil with non-composite crops, good irrigation conditions and fertile soil. Before planting, plowing and thawing (freezing) shall be carried out. In combination with sufficient base fertilizer, per acre shall be used to rot 3000-4000 kg of persimmon or beef, or about 150 kg of cooked cake fertilizer. The soil preparation shall be used for hoeing, and the width shall be 1.5-2 m. During the growth period, a dressing is conducted from September to October, and 10 kg of urea per mu is used to apply and combine watering to promote the vegetative growth of Artemisia and prevent premature aging.
Clear weeds. The underground stems of Artemisia selengensis are mainly distributed in 5-10 cm soil layers. After planting live trees, weeds should be removed timely to promote good root development and accumulate more nutrients.
Watering. Artemisia sphaerocephala is very moisture-resistant, not tolerant to drought, often watering in hot and dry seasons, keeping the field moist and promoting growth.
Pest control. Occurrence of pests and diseases occurs during the growth of Artemisia halodendron. The major pests include locusts, galls, corn borers, cotton bollworms, moths, and Artemisia ordosaurus. Pesticides such as cyproterol, chlorprofen, and chrysanthemum can be used to carry out high- and low-residue pesticides. Prevention.
c. After the greenhouse covered with Artemisia halodendron was severely frosted, the stems of Artemisia halodendron should be chopped off to remove the dry leaves and weeds from the field, and loose soil, and 10 kg of urea or 80 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. Pouring water, 5-7 days after the shed cover film. Normally, it is carried out on the next -12th November. At the same time, it is directly covered with a mulch film on the plants, and the sheds are tightly compacted. If soil moisture is too large, mulching can be delayed. At noon on sunny days, ventilation at the lee place is required to reduce the air humidity in the shed. Artemisia arbor cover technology has been rapidly promoted since its development in 1994, and a number of typical emerged. In Qixia District, outside the Shahe Team of Shahe 4th Team Luolailin, 1.8 acres of Artemisia sphaerocephala, with a total output value of 19,800 yuan and an average output value of 11,000 yuan per mu; Waisha Village, a shed in Yuzhen, covers 2.11 mu of Artemisia sphaerocephala with a total output value of 24,000 yuan; The village 9 team planted greenhouses covered 80 acres of Artemisia halodendron, planting 1.7 acres per household, with an income of about 6,000 yuan per mu. The total revenue of the whole team reached more than 500,000 yuan, and the per capita net income was 2,480 yuan. The first quarter of greenhouse covered Artemisia ordosica so that the whole team reached a well-to-do level. Level. At present, the development of wild vegetables has become the main way for farmers in the whole town of Baguazhou to get rid of poverty and make a good living.
d. Harvested Artemisia ordosica has open fields or facilities for cultivation. Facilities can be cultivated in different ways, covered in batches and in batches, and can be brought up in the morning to be listed and distributed in a balanced manner. Greenhouses cover cultivated Artemisia halodendron, generally covered 40-45 days after plant height 20-25 cm. The cultivation of Artemisia selengensis on the open soil germinates spontaneously with the change of the natural temperature. When the average temperature is 12-18°C, the tender stem grows rapidly. On the middle and early April, it is the listed peak of Artemisia selengensis. During harvesting, the knife is cut with a knife at the base of the Artemisia oleracea. Except for a few leaves on the stem, the rest of the leaves are wiped off. The bundle is placed in a cool place and covered with a damp cloth for 8-10 hours. Simple softening, that is, can be listed. The greenhouse covers Artemisia selengensis. After the first crop is harvested, the weeds and the fallen leaves should be removed immediately, and the fertilized water should be chased. The application of 5-10 kilograms of urea per acre should be followed. In this way, 45-50 days later, the second crop will be harvested. Generally greenhouse Artemisia halodendron can be harvested in winter and spring 2-3 茬, mu yield 800-1000 kg.
B. Cultivation Techniques of Vole and Autumn Artemisia selengensis
a. Variety. Green leaves of Artemisia were used.
b. Soil fertigation. Decomposing organic fertilizer is the main, 4000-5000 kilograms per mu, or use 25% compound fertilizer + 40 kg of urea as base fertilizer, deep plowing 2-3 times, so that the fertilizer and soil are evenly filled, and then make a width of 1-1.2 m, ditch 20 cm deep.
c. Planting. The optimum period for the planting of Artemisia halodendron and Artemisia halodendron was from July to August. The plants on the replanted plots were chopped down, and the top part and the lignified part of the base were cut off. The selected section was cut into small pieces of 20 cm in length and the stem was cut. The rods were soaked in a 1% solution of the insecticide for 10-20 minutes to prevent damage to the borers. Then remove and lay 3530 cm by row spacing. 4-5 roots per hole are planted on a well-built rake surface, 1/3 of the ground is exposed, watering is applied, the shade net is covered, the soil is kept moist, and the roots germinate after 10 days. .
d. Field management. After living, we must remove field weeds in a timely manner and combine top dressing with diluted manure water for 1,000 kg per mu. The scaffolding is 0.8-1m high and covers the sunshade net. The net is tightly fastened around the net. It is windproof and covers the net. The main sunny days are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., sooner or later, the nets are removed and the management after the cover net is strengthened.
e. About 30 days after harvesting Artemisia selengensis, the lateral shoots of the shoots grow 15-20 cm, and the shoots can be cut. The shoots that are cut need to be soaked for 2 days, and the leaves on the shoots can be wiped off to be listed. When harvesting, cut large and small, harvest in batches. Apply fertilizer once every 1-2 times, pour water once to keep the surface moist and promote growth.
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