How do you determine if the measured data is a certain ion or molecular flow rate?
Author: Xu Click to view more of his autobiography
Xu Yue, male, was born in Beijing in 1967.
In 1993 and 2000 , he obtained a double master's degree in plant physiology from Capital Normal University and Massachusetts State University.
In 2001 , the United States established the NMT- based US Yangge Company, and the next year used NMT to serve the NASA space botany research project at North Carolina State University .
In 2005 , Xuyue (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. was established. With the help of Academician Yan Tingyun, Academician Yang Fuyu and Professor Lin Kejun, and the strong support of governments at all levels, non-invasive micro-test technology was introduced into mainland China.
In 2014 , he led the Xuyue team to propose the innovative concept of “ immobilization subgroup ( imOmics )â€, which was known as the “Second Human Genome Project†. In the same year, the Xuyue Biological Function Research Institute was established.
In 2015 , the company launched the world's leading "automated non-invasive micro-testing system", and advocated the establishment of the Zhongguancun NMT industry alliance to open the NMT industrialization process represented by water safety, individualized precision medicine, food security and other people's livelihood applications .
As of 2016 , it has helped more than 400 research institutes and laboratories in China to realize the leap-forward development of scientific research level by using NMT .
Although NMT: non-invasive micro-testing technology has become a household name in the Chinese biological community, it is still a part of the world's scientists. So when our scientists have submitted research papers using NMT to international journals, one of the tricky problems that has rarely been encountered in the past is that these international journal reviewers are not as familiar with NMT as everyone expects. At this time, the teachers and classmates were amazed, and they also felt the taste of 'the height is not cold'. That is to say, the experimental data from advanced technology is an advantage, but how to answer some of the details about NMT of these unfamiliar NMT reviewers is still difficult, because after all, everyone's interest is NMT. The data produced, not the technology itself. This is an understandable objective fact, but it also reveals that we lack understanding of technical details and are not solid enough when we achieve overtaking in corners. Therefore, I think it is necessary to share with you the knowledge and experience in this area, so that everyone can have more confidence to impact the theoretical peaks in their respective academic fields!
“How to determine if the measured data is the flow rate of a certain ion or molecule?†is the first high-frequency problem for reviewers of NMT articles. The tricky part of this problem is that it actually contains non-biological problems that life scientists are not very good at. One is the selectivity/specificity of ion molecules, and the other is the concept and quantification of flow rates. The following are explained separately.
1) How to briefly explain the selectivity/specificity of the NMT ion molecular sensor?
Perhaps in recent years, the specific/selective ion molecular sensor/electrode technology has developed too rapidly, and many researchers seem to have not responded and fully understood this point. There is no traditional chemical/fluorescence/photometer from the past. / Radioactive labeling and other methods jump out. Especially the teachers who used patch clamp technology for many years, we can't believe that a glass electrode that grows almost the same as the patch clamp glass electrode can directly tell the scientist at the time that a few micrometers of chemicals are poured in front. What ion is detected? ! In particular, some scholars who know a little about the patch clamp technique know that the patch clamp is able to determine which ion is the measured electrical signal by replacing the internal and external solutions of the electrode, voltage clamping, and subsequent calculations. See the author's blog "PC patch clamp to NMT non-invasive micro-test technology."
There are some extreme examples. When we communicate with NMT, the teacher who applied patch clamp technology for many years, it takes a lot of time and even courage to realize that NMT can detect ions and even molecules so easily and quickly. This shows how powerful our mind-set mindset is! However, because of this, we also fully understand the helplessness and helplessness of teachers and students in facing certain questions of reviewers! In addition to our great patience, we should still do more work on how to explain to others the truth! Here are some of the attempts we have accumulated in the past, and we share them here on the one hand, on the one hand, we hope to be able to throw a brick, because we ourselves are not in the mountains of NMT.
“From known to unknown†has always seemed to be an effective way for people to accept fresh knowledge.
Here we may wish to illustrate the characteristics of NMT ion molecular (electrode) sensors using a pH meter that scientists, especially life scientists, are familiar with. The pH meter is essentially an H + sensor that varies with the concentration of H + in the solution environment. The pH of the unknown solution can be known by calibration. The H + sensor of NMT is miniaturized, and a device for selective measurement of H + is realized by a tip LIX (liquid ion exchanger).
Then, the NMT molecular sensor is a selective or specific detection of a certain molecule by using techniques such as electrochemical/fluorescent dye/carbon nanotechnology. Usually, we can explain it to the reviewers, and give the explanations to the technical documents of the predecessors.
2) How do you explain the measured ion molecular velocity concept?
Here we take the NMT-H 2 O 2 molecular sensor as an example to illustrate how to design and implement an experiment. At the same time, we can prove to the reviewer what ions/molecules are being measured and the flow rate is detected instead of other. Illusion. Don't be nervous, usually this job can be commissioned by the domestic NMT professional testing center, without having to do it yourself.
We call this kind of experiment, NMT (artificial) flow rate source experiment, and sometimes it is called according to specific ions/molecules. For example, the experiment here is around H 2 O 2 , so we can also call it 'NMT -H 2 O 2 flow rate signal source experiment'.
The signal source experiment is very simple. Take the H 2 O 2 experiment as an example. I pour a higher concentration of H 2 O 2 into a glass capillary with a opening of about a few microns, and fix it in a multiplication experiment. The edge of the culture dish of the test solution (as shown in the figure below), after standing for 30 minutes, a molecular concentration gradient of H 2 O 2 is formed in the peripheral liquid of the tip end of the glass capillary. To understand from another angle, we have created an artificial H 2 O 2 flow rate source, or H 2 O 2 flow source.
Below we introduce the H 2 O 2 flow rate sensor to detect the artificial H 2 O 2 flow source just produced. After the H 2 O 2 sensor is sequentially measured at three points of red, yellow and green, if these flow rate values ​​satisfy the Ficks' first law of diffusion law, then we verify two problems at a time. One is that H 2 O 2 is measured. Second, there is indeed a source of H 2 O 2 flow.
Usually, we will advise teachers and students to take another step and let the reviewers have nothing to say, just replace the artificial flow rate source with your sample to be tested under any experimental conditions (as shown below). ), and carry out the same red, yellow and green three-point test and prove that it meets Fick's first law of diffusion.
So far, we have used the principle of 'from known to unknown' to explain both the ion molecular sensor and the inevitable connection between the obtained flow rate data and these NMT flow sensors. Of course, sometimes the reviewers are still not satisfied with these introductions, there will be other kinds of problems, we will then share the answers we have helped the teachers and students!
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