On February 26th, China Pharmaceutical Materials Association held the press conference of the 2016 China Medical Materials Association Development Blue Book, officially releasing the 2016 pharmaceutical retail industry, Chinese herbal medicines and Chinese herbal medicines, medical e-commerce, medical equipment, national medical museum, medical knowledge. 9 blueprints on development status, including property rights, medical credits and brands, health media, and humanitarian charity.
Among them, "2016 China Medical Device Industry Development Blue Book" (hereinafter referred to as "Blue Book") shows that according to the sample survey of China Pharmaceutical Materials Association, the sales volume of China's medical device market in 2016 is about 370 billion yuan, compared with 308 billion in 2015. Yuan increased by 62 billion yuan, with a growth rate of about 20.1%. Among them, the home medical device market broke through the 100 billion yuan mark for the first time, about 10 billion yuan.
It is worth noting that the Blue Book pointed out that there are too many production industries in the medical device industry that have the same products, and they only focus on their shapes and do not pay attention to them.
Bo Xi, vice president of the China Medical Materials Association and president of the Medical Devices Branch, said in an interview with the reporter of the Daily Economic News that the phenomenon of small, multi-distributed and low-level competition in medical device enterprises has not been fundamentally changed. From the "hundred flowers blossoming" to a more concentrated direction, the domestic medical equipment industry M&A demand is strong, the industry will also usher in an oligarch, industrial integration is the inevitable direction of future development.
How small and scattered patterns restrict the development of the industry
According to the blue book data, the sales volume of China's medical device market increased from 17.9 billion yuan in 2001 to 308 billion yuan in 2015. Excluding the impact of price factors, it increased by about 17.21 times in 15 years.
In 2016, China's medical equipment sales volume of about 370 billion yuan, the Blue Book pointed out that among them, the medical medical equipment market is about 269 billion yuan, accounting for 72.70%; the home medical equipment market broke through 100 billion yuan for the first time. , about 101 billion yuan, accounting for 27.30%.
For the problems in the medical device industry , the Blue Book pointed out that there are currently nearly 16,000 medical device manufacturers, but the same product manufacturers often have more than a dozen, dozens or even hundreds of companies, and the products produced are different. The standard, the overall level does not reach the level of international integration, resulting in waste of resources, most of the products produced are assembled, improved shape packaging, and neglected product quality and higher research and development capabilities. This results in a process that only emphasizes its shape and does not emphasize it.
Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate.
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.
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