Straw vegetable straw directly returned to the field for fertilizer technology

Vegetable straw directly returning to the field is a new type of agricultural technology that is ecologically and environmentally friendly. It is a new farming model that adapts to social development and the needs of the times. It has eco-environmental benefits, social decompression benefits, and economic growth benefits.

First, social benefits

Vegetable straw returning to the field liberates the vegetable farmers from heavy labor, saves many links such as pulling, pulling, transporting, etc.; improving the environmental protection and health awareness of the vegetable farmers, will eliminate the littering of straw, and make the straw resources and fertilizers Use to form a social consensus.

Second, ecological benefits

Greenhouse vegetable straw returning to the field is a new type of agricultural technology that is ecologically friendly and can turn waste vegetables into waste. Avoid pollution caused by straw burning, protect air resources, reduce carbon emissions; solve the problem of greenhouse stalk accumulation pollution, obstructing traffic congestion, etc.; greenhouse vegetable stalk returning to the field to solve the problem of heavy soil barriers in greenhouses; greenhouse vegetable straw Returning the soil to the soil, increasing the organic matter of the soil, improving the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and restoring soil health.

Greenhouse vegetable straw returning to the field can enhance soil biological activity, greatly reduce the use of pesticides and various fertilizers, improve the flavor quality of agricultural products, and increase crop yield.

Third, the economic benefits 1. Saving labor hours: the cost of removing and transporting acre of vegetable straw in a greenhouse is about 500-700 yuan. The cost of treating an acre of straw with a special vegetable straw returning pulverizer is 150 yuan, and the cost per acre can be 350-550 yuan.

2. Saving fertilizer input: After the vegetable straw is returned to the field and fermented by biological bacteria into organic fertilizer, the input amount of various fertilizers can be greatly reduced. It can reduce the use of 1/3 to 1/2 manure by about 15 to 20 square meters.

After the greenhouse vegetable straw is returned to the field and fermented and fermented, the amount of commercial biological fertilizer can be reduced, and the expenditure is reduced by about 600 yuan.

3. Saving pesticide input: After the greenhouse vegetable straw is returned to the field, the disease resistance and stress resistance of the crop is enhanced, the plant pests and diseases are significantly reduced, the pesticide use is greatly reduced, and the pesticide expenditure is reduced by about 800 yuan.

It can be seen from the above discussion that the vegetable straw returning technology can save about 4,000 yuan per mu of greenhouse.

4. Increasing the yield of vegetables using straw returning to the field: After the greenhouse stalks are returned to the field, they are quickly converted into bio-organic fertilizers after thorough fermenting and decomposing. The organic nutrients in the straw can be absorbed by the crops, and the yield is increased by more than 20%.

4. Remediation of soil by straw returning to the field

1. Increase soil organic matter, improve soil aggregate structure, retain water and fertilizer, and reduce the use of various fertilizers.

2. Solve the problem of soil acidification and salinization, enhance the buffer capacity of the soil, and inhibit the damage of root knot nematodes.

3. Eliminate the problem of soil heavy barriers, improve crop resistance, and reduce the use of dead vegetables and pesticides.

4. Passivate and eliminate soil pollution and restore soil health.

5. Increase the amount of beneficial organisms in the soil, enhance the biological activity of the soil, promote the rapid decomposition and transformation of nutrients, and gradually restore the soil ecology.

6. Optimize the soil tillage layer and improve soil arableness.

V. Operation process of vegetables returning to the field

According to the seasonality of greenhouse vegetable production, it can be divided into high temperature period and non-high temperature period.

(1) Straw returning treatment method in high temperature period

1. When the vegetables are left in the garden, the high-stalk and vine vegetables are removed from the vegetable slings or the support and properly spliced ​​and removed to remove the mulch covering the surface (if it is pure biodegradable sling and pure The biodegradable mulch film can be pulverized in the soil together with the vegetable straw vine without dissolving and removing it. The leafy vegetables and the collapsed vegetables are directly prepared for the second step.

2. Use the special straw smashing machine to smash the vines in the greenhouse.

3. Spread the spare organic fertilizer evenly on the crushed straw.

4. Spread the special compound microbial agent onto the crushed straw and manure, and plow the tiller with a rotary tiller and mix evenly (10 kg of urea per acre can be applied without manure).

5. Level the land, fill the water, and close all the vents in the greenhouse for high-temperature fermentation for 15 to 30 days.

6. When the surface of the shed is sporadic and dry, the second irrigation is required or the mulch is covered during the first irrigation.

7. After the fermentation is finished, the ventilation is dehumidified, the ground is ridged, and vegetables are grown.

The special microbial agent can quickly ferment, decompose and transform the organic fertilizer and straw in the soil, and the heat generated by the sun and the heat provided by the sun under the closed conditions of the greenhouse can quickly heat up the soil, creating a high temperature and high humidity environment, enabling the space inside the greenhouse. The temperature reaches 70-80 degrees, and the soil temperature in the shed reaches 45-60 degrees. The high temperature in the shed can kill diseases, insects and many germinated weeds on the space of the greenhouse, walls, brackets, plastic film, etc. This technology can strongly inhibit root knot nematodes.

(2) Treatment methods for straw returning in non-high temperature season

In the seasons other than the high temperature season, the vegetable straw is returned to the field, and the aerosol or horseradish can be used to kill, and then the vegetable straw is returned to the field according to the following steps:

After 1~3 days, the shed will be ventilated and ventilated; then the mulch will be removed, the sling will be untied; the tractor working channel will be dug, and the straw smashing work will be carried out; then the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer will be applied, and the high-content special biological agent will be applied; Cultivate the soil, make soil preparations; plant vegetables.

Sixth, the greenhouse vegetable straw returning technology combined with high temperature, can kill pests and diseases in several steps

1. Pre-killing: After the vegetable harvesting is over, the greenhouse will use high-efficiency insecticidal and bactericidal aerosols to kill the pests and diseases before the straw is returned to the field, which can kill some pests and diseases.

2. High temperature killing: The temperature during the confining of the greenhouse can be raised to 70 °C ~ 80 °C, and the pests of 10 cm on the surface and the space in the greenhouse can be killed. Most of the weeds in the germination are killed by high temperatures.

3. High-humidity killing: Straw and manure require a large amount of irrigation during fermenting to increase the humidity required during the fermentation process, and most of the eggs cannot be hatched due to high humidity.

4. The killing of biological bacteria secretion: the released biological bacteria will release the secreted enzymes and antibiotics in the work. These secretions have the function of bactericidal and insecticidal, and will continue to sterilize after the straw is returned to the field and during the follow-up period. Insecticide.

In summary, whether it is in the high temperature environment in summer or the low temperature environment in winter, the problem of outbreaks of pests and diseases that farmers friends are worried about is almost non-existent.

7. This technology has also been applied to the open-field crop straw returning with minor modifications.

Precautions: The biological bacteria are living organisms. When the straw is returned to the field, any fungicides, disinfectants, soil fumigants and other substances are prohibited from being used together with the biological bacteria.

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