Answer: Sunflowers are also known as single roots. In addition to sunflowers, they can also damage watermelons, melons, peas, beans, carrots, celery, tobacco, flax, and tomatoes. It is a vicious weed and is currently designated as a domestic phytosanitary object.
I. Occurrence and damage
When seeds come into contact with sunflower roots in the soil, they are stimulated to germinate by root exudates, form roots (plates), penetrate deep into the roots, absorb nutrients, develop outside the roots, form enlarged stems upward, and form a large number of suckers downwards. There are a lot of childbirth. The seeds are small, light as dust, and can spread to the whole field with the wind or air flow, and attach to the sunflower seed coat for long-distance transmission. Sunflower plants parasitized as parasites were low and weak, unable to form disk, and finally the whole plant died. The seeds can survive in the soil for 10 to 13 years, with heavy onset and low temperature incidence.
Second, control methods
1. Strict quarantine. At present, domestic reports are mainly distributed in Hebei, Beijing, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning provinces. In the past two years, there have been sporadic occurrences in our county. Quarantine inspections should be strengthened, and it is strictly forbidden to propagate propagation of diseased seeds from infected areas.
2. Rotation. Severely affected areas should be rotated with grass crops; early clearance of sunflower seedlings.
3. Sunflower planting sites should be ploughed several times, eradicated as early as possible before flowering, and destroyed centrally.
4. Chemical control. When the diameter of the sunflower flower disk is more than 10 cm, a large number of positive soils can be unearthed. One can spray 2.4-D water-based agent or 2.4-D-butyl ester 10,000-fold, and spray it on the soil surface or as a plant. Spray 300 to 350 kg per mu. Note: The medication should not be used when the sunflower disk is less than 10 cm, otherwise phytotoxicity may occur. In addition, if crops such as sunflowers and soybeans are intercropped, phytotoxicity can also occur.
It is also possible to spray trifluralin 10,000 times the surface of the soil after sowing and before emergence of the sunflower, or to irrigate the roots with 10% ammonium nitrate water before the full flowering period, and irrigate the roots with 150 ml per plant. After 9 days, the plants will die. .
5. Cut the cut off columns with the plants that have been infected with Fusarium spp., or the stems of diseased plants that have been rotted by Escherichia coli, and cover the diseased plants. Then cover the remains with soil and cover the soil to a depth of 2 to 4 cm. It will also cause illness and death.
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