The amount of fertilization is not scientific and the standard of fertilization is difficult to unify all over the country. Most of the fruit growers only rely on their experience and reference data to fertilize. It is often the phenomenon that excessive fertilization causes fruit trees to grow into flowers. Some are too much phosphate, causing zinc deficiency; some are too much potassium, causing calcium deficiency. Improvement measures: Abandon the original outdated fertilization standards, the amount of organic fertilizer applied per acre measured in cubic meters, do not use pounds or kilograms, organic fertilizer because of the different types of dry and wet differences, it is not good to use the weight to measure. Fertilizer dosage per acre depends on yield and quality. Fruit trees use less nitrogen fertilizer at a young age, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balance in a large year, and they vary by 20% depending on the amount of fruit consumed and the difference in soil fertility. ~30%. According to research, 2500 kilograms of apples per mu need 3 to 5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 17.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, 9 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, and 13.75 kilograms of potash; 2500 kilograms of pears per acre need 3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer and 12 to 13 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer. 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10 kg of potassium fertilizer; 3 mu of organic fertilizer, 37.5 to 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 15.2 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 27.8 kg of potassium fertilizer were used in the high-yielding production of peach. Application of compound fertilizer to meet the principle of minimum nutrient content, more than nutrient supplemented with simple fertilizer, that is, if the nitrogen in the compound fertilizer is not enough can be supplemented with urea.
Unreasonable use of fertilizers Fruit trees require many elements, of which nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the most important. For apples and pears, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.5:1 for peach and 10:4:16 for peach. Many fruit growers in the production only pay attention to the supplement of nitrogen and phosphorus, and ignore the supplement of potassium and trace elements, which makes it difficult to improve the quality of fruit, and the phenomenon of serious size is very serious. Ways to improve: We must use reasonable and scientific proportions to supplement three elements on the basis of sufficient organic manure. In the absence of symptoms, organic fertilizers must be added to supplement trace elements. Conditional fertilization can be carried out.
Many scientists and peasants did not pay much attention to the autumn basal fertilizer and they did not attach much importance to the staged fertilization. This directly affected the improvement of fruit quality and yield. The advantages of autumn basal fertilization: First, fruit trees can absorb the fertilizer applied to the reserve during the peak period of root growth in autumn; Second, autumn basal fertilizer can heal the broken roots in time, with little effect on the tree vigor. In contrast to basal fertilization in spring, the applied fertilizer cannot be absorbed and utilized at that time, and when the root breakage is large, the tree vigor is affected, and even fruit setting and flower bud differentiation are affected. Fertilization by stages is also very important. One-time fertilization will inevitably result in the waste of fertilizer and even the appearance of fertilizer damage. Improvement methods: Generally speaking, we must pay attention to autumn basal fertilization, 60% to 80% of the phosphate fertilizer should be applied in the form of basal fertilizer, combined with the application of a small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, applying 60% of nitrogen fertilizer in spring, the young fruit expansion period and flower bud differentiation During the period, appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied, and most of the potash fertilizer should be applied 20 days before fruit enlargement and fruit coloring.
Improper application of fertilization and watering Many fruit growers pay more attention to fertilization in production, but often neglect the work of watering. Although there are a lot of fertilization, due to soil drought, the fertilizer effect cannot be maximized, and thus has a great impact on fruit production and quality. Improvement measures: watering in time after fertilization, and timely watering when the soil appears to be arid. In water-deficient areas, tree cover can be used to keep the soil moist and increase soil organic matter.
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