Premature birth may be due to premature activation of the fetal immune system

Premature birth may be due to premature activation of the fetal immune system

April 28, 2018 Source: Xinhuanet

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A new study published in the journal Science and Translational Medicine shows that if pregnant women develop inflammation due to infection, they may activate the fetal immune system prematurely, leading to premature birth.

The pregnancy usually lasts for 40 weeks. Preterm birth refers to delivery that is less than 37 weeks pregnant, which is the leading cause of neonatal death or long-term complications.

Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, and other institutions have tested blood and fetal cord blood in 89 full-term women and 70 premature women. The results showed that the content of dendritic cells and effector T cells in cord blood of premature infants was higher.

The researchers say that during pregnancy, the fetal immune system usually does not produce a "rejection" response to the mother. However, in the case of inflammation in pregnant women, the fetal immune system may feel certain chemicals, and dendritic cells will transmit relevant information to effector T cells, which begin to initiate defense mechanisms and mistakenly believe that maternal cells are “enemies”. And launched an attack. Some chemicals released by the fetal immune system during this process can cause the mother's uterus to contract, which may lead to premature birth.

Tipie Mackenzie, an associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said that people had previously thought that the fetal immune system was immature and would not be related to maternal complications during pregnancy. In fact, the fetal immune system may have been activated at an earlier time, so it is necessary to analyze the risk of preterm birth from this perspective. The research team is looking for biomarkers in maternal blood that can be used to determine this risk. (Xinhua News Agency, Washington, April 26th, reporter Zhou Zhou)

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